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Introduction:

• Liferay Product Architecture refers to the structural design of the Liferay platform, which is an open-source enterprise portal designed to build and manage web applications, digital experiences, and content management systems.  

• Liferay's architecture focuses on modularity, flexibility, and scalability, allowing developers to build customized solutions for enterprise needs. 
  

Frontend: 
The front end refers to the visual and interactive part of a website or application that users see and engage with. It involves designing and coding the user interface (UI) to ensure a seamless and appealing experience using technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The focus is on creating responsive, accessible, and user-friendly designs that align with the project goals. 

HTML:
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard language used to create the structure and content of web pages. It provides the framework for organizing text, images, links, and multimedia elements on a webpage. HTML uses a system of tags and attributes to define the layout and structure, allowing browsers to interpret and display the content correctly. It forms the foundation of every website and works seamlessly with CSS and JavaScript to create visually appealing and interactive user experiences. 

CSS:
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to control the presentation and layout of HTML elements on a webpage. It allows developers to apply styles such as colors, fonts, spacing, and positioning to create visually appealing designs. CSS enables responsive layouts, ensuring web pages adapt to different screen sizes and devices. It works by linking style rules to HTML elements through selectors. CSS enhances user experience by separating content (HTML) from design. 

Java script:
JavaScript is a powerful, high-level programming language used to create dynamic and interactive features on websites. It enables developers to add functionality such as animations, form validation, content updates, and interactive elements. JavaScript works seamlessly with HTML and CSS, making web pages more engaging and responsive. It runs directly in the browser and supports frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue for advanced web development. JavaScript is a core technology for building modern web applications. 

Browser:  

• A browser is a software application used to access and view websites on the internet. It interprets HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to render web pages. Popular browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Safari. 

1.  Native Development:

• Native development is done for platform-specific apps (such as Android and iOS). 
•  Native apps make full use of the device’s hardware and software capabilities.  
• Ios uses Swift/objective-c and Android uses java/Kotlin. 
• These are fast and deliver high performance. 

2. Metal:

• Apple has a low-level graphics API that uses the GPU (Graphics Processing Units) on iOS and macOS.   
• It is used for high-performance graphics and 3D rendering.      
• Metal provides direct access   to the GPU for faster processing. 
• Ideal for gaming, virtual reality, and complex visual application.

3. React JS: 

• ReactJS is a JavaScript library used to build user interface (UL). 
• It works on component-based architecture. 
• It is fast and efficient due to virtual DOM. 
• Mainly used to build Single page Applications. 
• It helps in fetching data from API and displaying it in UI.

4. Angular:  

• Angular is a JavaScript framework for building dynamic web applications. 
• It uses Typescript, a powerful superset of JavaScript. 
• Angular supports features like two-way data binding and dependency injection. 
• It is great for building large-scale, single-page applications. 
• APIs are used in angular to Fetch and manage data dynamically.

5.  Another JavaScript framework:

• Vue. Js: A progressive JavaScript framework used to build user interfaces and single-page applications, offering simplicity and flexibility. 
• Svelte: A compiler-based JavaScript framework that converts Components into efficient, standalone JavaScript at build time, leading to faster performance.

Backend:
The backend is the server-side part of a web application responsible for processing data, managing business logic, and interacting with databases. It handles tasks like creating APIs, managing authentication, and ensuring that the frontend receives the necessary data. Backend development uses technologies like Java, Python, PHP, Node.js, Django, and Laravel to support the functionality of a web application.

What is API
API (application programming interface) is set of rules, protocols and tools that allow different software applications to communicate and interact with each other Enables applications to request services or data Frome other application, operating systems, or servers. 

How Does API Work 

• Request: a clint (app) sends a request to the API 
• Endpoint: the request hits a specific URL in the API 
• Response: The API processes the request and sends Back a response, typically in Json or XML format. 

What are Portlets
Portlets are small, reusable web components that display specific content or functionality within a larger portal or web application. They operate independently but are integrated into a portal page, allowing multiple portlets to coexist and deliver different features or data to the user. 

What is Authorization:
Authorization is the process of deciding what a person or system is allowed to do after they have been verified. It controls access to resources, like files, settings, or actions, based on the user's permissions. For example, after logging into an app, authorization determines whether you can view a file, edit it, or just read it based on your role (like Admin, User, or Guest). 

Persistence:
Persistence means data is stored in a non-volatile medium (like a database or file system), so it remains available even after the application is closed or the system restarts. 

DB (Database):
A Database (DB) is an organized collection of data that is stored and managed in a way that allows for easy retrieval, modification, and updating. It is designed to handle large amounts of data and supports operations like querying, inserting, updating, and deleting data. Databases are commonly used in applications, websites, and enterprise systems to store and manage information such as user data, transactions, and inventory. 

Search indexing:
Search indexing is the process of organizing and storing data in a structured format to make it easily retrievable by a search engine. It involves analyzing and indexing content, such as text or metadata, so that relevant results can be quickly found in response to user queries. 

Cluster:
A cluster is a group of interconnected computers (nodes) that work together as a single unit to perform tasks, share resources, and provide high availability, scalability, and fault tolerance. It is commonly used in distributed computing, cloud environments, and databases. 

Integration Adapters:
Integration Adapters are software components or tools used to facilitate communication between different systems, applications, or platforms. They act as bridges that allow two or more disparate systems to connect, share data, and work together, despite having different technologies, formats, or protocols. 

What are Services:
Services are software components that perform specific tasks or provide functionalities to users or other systems. They can be background processes, web services, or APIs that enable interaction and data exchange between systems. Services are reusable, modular, and designed to handle specific operations. 

Caching:
Caching is the process of storing frequently accessed data in a temporary storage layer (cache) to improve performance and reduce the time it takes to retrieve data. It allows applications or systems to access data faster by avoiding repetitive computation or database queries, enhancing speed and efficiency. 

Auditing:
Auditing is the process of systematically recording, examining, and verifying activities, events, or changes within a system to ensure compliance, detect anomalies, and maintain accountability. It helps track user actions, data modifications, and system performance for security, legal, or operational purposes. 

Workflow:
Workflow is the sequence of tasks, activities, or processes that are organized and executed in a specific order to achieve a particular goal or complete a business process. It defines how tasks are coordinated, who performs them, and how data flows between steps to ensure efficiency and consistency in operations.

Authentication:
Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, system, or device to ensure that they are who they claim to be. It typically involves validating credentials such as usernames, passwords, biometrics, or tokens to grant access to a system or resource.  

Analytics:
Analytics refers to the systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to derive meaningful insights that help in decision-making. It involves the use of statistical, mathematical, and computational methods to identify patterns, trends, and correlations within data. Analytics can be applied to various fields, such as business, marketing, healthcare, and sports, to improve performance, optimize strategies, and make data-driven decisions. 

Message Bus:
A Message Bus is a communication system that facilitates the exchange of data between different software applications, services, or components within a system. It acts as a central hub or channel through which messages (data or events) are sent, received, and processed in a distributed environment. The message bus ensures decoupling between different systems, allowing them to communicate asynchronously and in a scalable manner. It typically supports features like message routing, queuing, and delivery guarantees, enabling efficient and reliable communication between services.